Activity Key
Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
Questions:
1. What is the atomic number for each of your models?
· Carbon- 6
· Oxygen-8
· Hydrogen-
2. What is the atomic mass number for each of your models?
· Carbon-12.0107
· Oxygen-15.9994
· Hydrogen-1.00794
3. In your models, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?
· Protons and Electrons
4. How would you make an isotope for one of your models? What would change with the model?
· To make an isotope for one of my models, you would remove a neutron which would affect the nucleus of the model. The atomic mass would change but the atomic number would remain the same.
5. Considering the overall volume of your element models, what makes up most of the volume of an atom?
· Most of the volume of an atom is made up from empty space
6. For one of your models, show with another image what happens when energy excites an electron.
· When energy excites an electron, electrons from a lower level jump to a higher level.
7. Once the electron is excited, what do we typically observe when the electron returns to the ground-state?
· When the excited electron returns to the ground-state, the electron releases energy. This energy is emitted by a visual wavelength. Often times, the energy that is being released is of a certain color.
8. Why are some elements different colors when they are excited?
· Elements are different colors when they are excited because colors are produced from the movement of electrons in the metal ions present in certain compounds.
9. Do a little research to list which elements are used to make the different colors of fireworks.
Aluminum - Aluminum is used to produce silver and white flames and sparks. It is a common component of sparklers.Antimony - Antimony is used to create firework glitter effects.
Barium - Barium is used to create green colors in fireworks, and it can also help stabilize other volatile elements.
Calcium - Calcium is used to deepen firework colors. Calcium salts produce orange fireworks.
Carbon - Carbon is one of the main components of black powder, which is used as a propellent in fireworks. Carbon provides the fuel for a firework. Common forms include carbon black, sugar, or starch.
Chlorine - Chlorine is an important component of many oxidizers in fireworks. Several of the metal salts that produce colors contain chlorine.
Copper - Copper compounds produce blue colors in fireworks.
Iron - Iron is used to produce sparks. The heat of the metal determines the color of the sparks.
Lithium - Lithium is a metal that is used to impart a red color to fireworks. Lithium carbonate, in particular, is a common colorant.
Magnesium - Magnesium burns a very bright white, so it is used to add white sparks or improve the overall brilliance of a firework.
Oxygen - Fireworks include oxidizers, which are substances that produce oxygen in order for burning to occur. The oxidizers are usually nitrates, chlorates, or perchlorates. Sometimes the same substance is used to provide oxygen and color.
Phosphorus - Phosphorus burns spontaneously in air and is also responsible for some glow-in-the-dark effects. It may be a component of a firework's fuel.
Potassium - Potassium helps to oxidize firework mixtures. Potassium nitrate, potassium chlorate, and potassium perchlorate are all important oxidizers.
Sodium - Sodium imparts a gold or yellow color to fireworks, however, the color may be so bright that it masks less intense colors.
Sulfur - Sulfur is a component of black powder. It is found in a firework's propellant/fuel.
Strontium - Strontium salts impart a red color to fireworks. Strontium compounds are also important for stabilizing fireworks mixtures.
Titanium - Titanium metal can be burned as powder or flakes to produce silver sparks.
Zinc - Zinc is used to create smoke effects for fireworks and other pyrotechnic devices.
10. Explain the overall organizational structure of the periodic table.
· Elements of the periodic table are arranged by increasing atomic number. Elements in the same row (period) have the same number of rings of electrons. Elements in the same column (group) have the same number of valence electrons. Elements are also divided into metals, non-metals, metalloids, and gases.
11. List two example elements for each of these groups or classes: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth, Halogens, Noble Gases, Transition Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids.
· Alkali Metals: Sodium and Lithium
· Alkaline Earth: Calcium and Magnesium
· Halogenss: Flourine and Chlorine
· Noble Gases: Neon and Helium
· Transition Metals: Copper and Titanium
· Non-Metals: Oxygen and Carbon
· Metalloids: Aresenic and Germanuim
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